Fm 31 28 Fouo Special Forces Advanced Urban Combat 1 December 1999 25 ^hot^ ◉ 〈PREMIUM〉

: Later expanded upon in resources like the USSOCOM Combat Convoy Handbook , these principles outline how to survive vehicle-borne improvised explosive devices (VBIEDs), rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs), and direct fire ambushes within narrow city streets.

The heart of FM 31-28 is the systematic movement of a 4-man assault stack through fatal funnels (doorways and hallways). : Later expanded upon in resources like the

Detailed calculations for constructing strip charges, rubber strip charges, and silhouette charges to defeat reinforced steel or concrete doors safely without causing structural collapse. 3. Combat Marksmanship in Confined Spaces The manual is structured to address the unique

Regardless, FM 31-28 (FOUO) stands as a milestone: a manual written in the brief twilight of the pre-9/11 world, anticipating the urban battles of Fallujah, Mosul, and Mariupol. It was a docent for the dark corridors and high rooftops where special forces still fight – one mousehole at a time. rapid target discrimination

The manual is structured to address the unique challenges of urban combat, including:

: Operators focus on compressed weapon presentation, rapid target discrimination, and firing from non-standard shooting positions.