High-value treats, such as peanut butter, squeeze treats, or wet food, are used throughout the exam to create positive associations with medical handling.

By prioritizing research in these areas, we can continue to advance our understanding of the intersection of animal behavior and veterinary science, and improve animal welfare and veterinary practice.

Diseases affecting the endocrine system can radically alter behavior. For instance, hypothyroidism in dogs is frequently linked to sudden-onset aggression, anxiety, or lethargy. Conversely, hyperthyroidism in older cats often causes extreme irritability, pacing, and excessive vocalization. 4. Neurological Decline

Using continuous treats like peanut butter, squeeze cheese, or wet food during exams and injections to create positive associations.